![]() New pharmacological targets can be found at the level of the urothelium, detrusor muscles, autonomic and afferent pathways, spinal cord and brain. There are some recent developments around the treatment of bladder dysfunctions. Medications such as mirabegron, a β 3 receptor agonist, or botulinum toxin (in intradetrusor injections) have been introduced recently. Adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs include xerostomia, constipation, visual disturbances, and rarely arrhythmia. The medicines inhibit the effect of acetylcholine on the muscular coat of the urinary bladder. The main group of drugs employed in OAB therapy includes the muscarinic receptor antagonists. Muscular and neural factors play a significant role in OAB pathophysiology. OAB is a condition that markedly deteriorates quality of life in patients. The frequency and severity of all symptoms tend to increase with age, and is two times more common in individuals over 65 years of age, compared to subjects below 45. Especially urinary incontinence affects women more frequently. According to the international population-based study performed in Europe and Canada, 12.8 % of females and 10.8 % of males suffer from OAB. Its recorded incidence ranges between 7 and 27 % in males, and from 9 to 43 % in females. The syndrome may coexist with other diseases, such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke or spinal cord injuries, or be of idiopathic nature. Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a condition where one or more of the symptoms such as pollakiuria, urgent need to urinate, nocturia and urinary incontinence is observed. All information on the topic is likely to enhance the quality of pharmaceutical care. Conclusion For selected medicines used in treating bladder dysfunctions food and grapefruit juice consumption may significantly affect efficacy and safety of the therapy. Trospium absorption is significantly decreased by food. The effects of such interactions may potentially be negative to patients. Neither tolterodine, nor mirabegron interact with food and citrus fruit juice, whereas darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin and solifenacin do interact with grapefruit and others citrus fruit juice. Results Meals and the consumption of grapefruit juice were found to exert a diversified effect on the pharmacokinetics of drugs employed in overactive bladder syndrome therapy. The analysis also covered product data sheets for particular medicinal products. Additionally, other resources, namely, Medscape, UpToDate, Micromedex, Medical Letter, as well as Stockley Drugs Interaction electronic publication were included in the study. Method In order to gather information on interactions of medications employed in bladder dysfunctions, the English language reports published in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL database over the years 1996–2015 were studied. This information will enhance pharmaceutical care and is vital and helpful for pharmacists counseling their patients. Aim of the review To assess a potential impact of food and fruit juice on the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects of medications used in treating overactive bladder syndrome. The role of a pharmacist is to educate the patient on medications administration scheme, and drug interactions with particular food or food components. Its prevalence ranges between 7 and 27 % in men and 9–43 % in women. Background Overactive bladder syndrome is a condition where one or more of the symptoms such as pollakiuria, urgent need to urinate, nocturia and urinary incontinence is observed.
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